b'ViewpointsTo win on the future battlefield, governments must focus on gaining situational advantagesmaking decisions better and faster than the enemy. Daniel Chenok is Executive Director of the IBM Center for The Business of Government. will require improved transparency and information Datasharing across levels of government and throughout theData gathering, analysis, and dissemination across multiple private sector.levels of government, and among international governments, can enable information sharing to enhance threat In the context of national defense, a recent IBM Centerprediction and prevention in a global context. International report discussed how orchestration across organizationsstakeholders can increase the understanding of effective in the air, sea, land, space, and cyber domainsreferredways to leverage channels involving technology, human to as Multi-Domain or Joint Command and Control capital, organizations, and private sector coordination that enables governments and partner organizations to meet themeet strategic, mission, and operational needs. Governments challenges of twenty-first century engagement. To win oncan leverage data integration and analytics to support better the future battlefield, governments must focus on gainingdecision-making around a range of mutual challenges, situational advantagesmaking decisions better and fasterespecially in cyber and homeland security.than the enemy. TechnologyTo start, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to address government challenges is a team sport. For example, AI can help predict and prevent harmful behavior and identify at-risk communities in real time. However, even with the most effective and accurate algorithms, only human actors can determine how to turn AI insights into action and identify a valid intervention that would not cause residual problems. Other examples of this need to orchestrate AI strategies include leveraging data gathered by drones to narrow down the path of hurricanes, managing the influx of cybersecurity events and reviewing logs, and applying natural language processing (NLP) to analyze public comments in regulatory proceedings. AI can even predict where floods or saturation might occur and help manage levees, locks, dams, and critical infrastructure waterways. The application of MDC2, also referred to as Joint All-Domain Commandthis technology in the real world, however, requires an and Control (JADC2), represents the operational vision oforchestrated action plan.connecting sensors from all military services into a single, interoperable, actionable data environment. Following on theA particular technology that can strengthen supply chains foundations of network-centric operations, MDC2 leveragesinvolves blockchain, which enables a shared ledger to data-centricity to include data interoperability across differentrecord the history of transactions with consistency and sensors, communication, and processing capabilities, tocertainty across a network. In a blockchain business produce effective command and control capabilities tonetwork, all parties to a transaction must give consensus ensure collective defense.2022 IBM Center for The Business of Government 67'