U.S. federal agencies are hardly immune to the slings and arrows of uncertainty, which include sequestration, budget cuts, or a government shutdown. Along with these threats, each day federal agency leaders face similar, as well as unique, risks associated with fulfilling their respective program missions. Today’s headlines are full of stories of failed website launches, cyber hacks, abuses of power, extravagant spending, and a host of other risk management failures. The federal government has taken a hit, with the public’s trust in government continuing to be low, as measured in numerous surveys. This view is shaped in part from some of these stories about how federal agencies could have improved their operational and mission performance, had leaders taken the time to foresee and mitigate potential risks.