The federal government, led by the Obama administration, state and local governments, nonprofits, and leading private sector companies all seek ways to harness the advantages of innovation. The challenges faced by government in this environment are not new—business and technology managers have long sought to optimize how information technology (IT) supports their mission at reduced overall cost. Today, however, radical advances in computing power offer an unprecedented opportunity to reshape information and service delivery for citizens, while also streamlining program operations.